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O-Desmethyl quinidine (Cupreidine) is an orally active metabolite of Quinine (HY-D0143). O-Desmethyl quinidine reduces frequency of cramps in rats with spinalcord injury and shows low blood toxicity .
Rehmannioside A is a neuroprotective agent that can be isolated from Rehmanniae radix. Rehmannioside A can inhibit the release of proinflammatory mediators from microglia and promote M2 polarization in vitro, thereby protecting co-cultured neurons from apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Rehmannioside A can be used in spinalcord injury research .
Paederosidic acid methyl ester is a ATP‐sensitive K + channel activator, isolated from P. scandens. Paederosidic acid methyl ester exhibits significant central analgesic activity, and enhances the threshold of pain by activating ATP‐sensitive K + channel in the brain and spinalcord level .
ALLM (Calpain inhibitor II) is a potent inhibitor of calpain and cathepsin proteases. ALLM inhibits neuronal cell death and improves chronic neurological function after spinalcord injury (SCI) .
2-Pyridylethylamine is a histamine-1 (H1R) receptor agonist. 2-Pyridylethylamine can reduce the joint injury induced by formalin in rats. 2-Pyridylethylamine can be used to study the spinalcord release of neuropeptide (NPY) .
SRS16-86 is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis . SRS16-86 is more stable than more stable to metabolism and plasma than Ferrostatin-1 in vivo. SRS16-86 can be used for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and spinalcord injury (SCI) research .
β-Spaglumic acid (β-NAAG) is a competitive NAAG peptidase inhibitor (Ki=1 µM) that protects spinalcord neurons from excitotoxicity and hypoxic damage. β-Spaglumic acid is also a selective mGluR3 antagonist (mGluR3 receptor functions to regulate activity-dependent synaptic potentiation in the hippocampus). β-Spaglumic acid can be used in neuroprotection-related studies .
AZ3391 is a potent inhibitor of PARP. AZ3391 is a quinoxaline derivative. PARP family of enzymes play an important role in a number of cellular processes, such as replication, recombination, chromatin remodeling, and DNA damage repair. AZ3391 has the potential for the research of diseases and conditions occurring in tissues in the central nervous system, such as the brain and spinalcord (extracted from patent WO2021260092A1, compound 23) .
Iophendylate (Pantopaque) is a highly lipophilic substance, and can be used as a contrast medium. Iophendylate is mainly for brain and spinalcord visualization .
Triprolidine hydrochloride is an orally active histamine H1 antagonist. Triprolidine hydrochloride has the function of spinalcord motor and sensory block. Triprolidine hydrochloride can be used for the research of allergic rhinitis .
Agathisflavone is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiparasitic, cytotoxic, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. Agathisflavone can improve tissue repair in a spinalcord injury model in rats .
Triprolidine is an orally active H1R Antagonist antagonist. Triprolidine has the function of spinalcord motor and sensory block. Triprolidine can be used for the research of allergic rhinitis .
PTPσ Inhibitor, ISP can bind to recombinant human PTPs and inhibits PTPσ signaling. PTPσ Inhibitor, ISP can penetrate the membrane and relieves the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG)-mediated axonal sprouting inhibition in spinalcord injury model. PTPσ Inhibitor, ISP enhances remyelination in LPC-induced demyelinated spinalcord. PTPσ Inhibitor, ISP also promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) migration, maturation, remyelination, and functional recovery in animal models of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) .
Diosgenin glucoside, a saponin compound extracted from Trillium tschonoskii, provides neuroprotection by regulating microglial M1 polarization. Diosgenin glucoside protects against spinalcord injury by regulating autophagy and alleviating apoptosis .
Z-LEHD-FMK is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of caspase-9, protects against lethal reperfusion injury and attenuates apoptosis. Z-LEHD-FMK exhibits the neuroprotective effect in a rat model of spinalcord trauma .
Prostaglandin F2α alcohol methyl ether is an alcohol methyl ether G protein-coupled receptor. Prostaglandin F2α is also a luteinizing hormone in sheep and may be a nociceptive mediator in the spinalcord .
Prostaglandin F2α ethanolamide (Prostamide F2α) is an ethanolamide-like G protein-coupled receptor. Prostaglandin F2α is also a luteinizing hormone in sheep and may be a nociceptive mediator in the spinalcord .
Z-LEHD-FMK TFA is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of caspase-9, protects against lethal reperfusion injury and attenuates apoptosis. Z-LEHD-FMK TFA exhibits the neuroprotective effect in a rat model of spinalcord trauma .
Peptide5 TFA, a connexin 43 mimetic peptide, reduces animals swelling, astrogliosis, and neuronal cell death after spinalcord injury. Peptide5 TFA also inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome, and is an anti-inflammatory agent .
UBP296 is a potent and selective antagonist of GLUK5-containing kainate receptor in the spinalcord. UBP296 reversibly blocks ATPA-induced depressions of synaptic transmission, and affects AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission directly in rat hippocampal slices .
Prostaglandin F2α serinol amide is a serinolamide G protein-coupled receptor that increases calcium levels in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Prostaglandin F2α is also a luteinizing hormone in sheep and may be a nociceptive mediator in the spinalcord .
Neuromedin C porcine (GRP, 18-27, porcine) is a bombesin-like neuropeptide that can be obtained from porcine spinalcord. Neuromedin C porcine exhibits a potent contractile activity on rat uterus in the characteristic manner of bombesin. Neuromedin C porcine has research potential for neurological-related diseases .
Tirilazad is a nonglucocorticoid, 21-aminosteroid that inhibits lipid peroxidation. Tirilazad can attenuate brain or spinalcord injury caused by trauma, stroke, ischemia and reperfusion injury. Tirilazad has antiviral activities against nCoV. Tirilazad is neuroprotective for ischaemic stroke, can be used for subarachnoid hemorrhage research .
ONO-8130 is an orally active and selective prostanoid EP1 receptor antagonist. ONO-8130 blocks phosphorylation of ERK in the L6 spinalcord. ONO-8130 relieves bladder pain in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. ONO-8130 can be used for interstitial cystitis research .
AK 295 (CX 295) is a calpain inhibitor that inhibits apoptosis through a calpain-dependent pathway. AK 295 improves neurological function in a rat model of spinalcord injury (SCI). AK 295 can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases, such as bulbar amyotrophy, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis .
TCID (4,5,6,7-Tetrachloroindan-1,3-dione) is a potent and selective neuronal ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH-L3) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.6 μM . TCID diminishes glycine transporter GlyT2 ubiquitination in brainstem and spinalcord primary neurons .
FeTPPS, a 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin iron III chloride peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, possesses evident neuroprotective effects in a experimental model of spinalcord damage . FeTPPS acts as a peroxynitrite scavenger and anti-nitrating agent in vivo. FeTPPS reduces nitric oxide (NO) production and apoptosis process .
Tirilazad mesylate (U 74006F) is a nonglucocorticoid, 21-aminosteroid that inhibits lipid peroxidation. Tirilazad mesylate can attenuate brain or spinalcord injury caused by trauma, stroke, ischemia and reperfusion injury. Tirilazad mesylate has antiviral activities against nCoV. Tirilazad mesylate is neuroprotective for ischaemic stroke, can be used for subarachnoid hemorrhage research .
ML228 (CID-46742353) is a potent the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) pathway activator with EC50 of 1 μM. ML228 potently activates HIF in vitro as well as its downstream target VEGF .
TGN-020 is a selective Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.1 μM . TGN-020 is an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs .TGN-020 alleviates edema and inhibits glial scar formation after spinalcord compression injury in rats .
TGN-020 sodium is a selective Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.1 μM . TGN-020 sodium is an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs . TGN-020 sodium alleviates edema and inhibits glial scar formation after spinalcord compression injury in rats .
Tirilazad mesylate hydrate is the hydrate form of Tirilazad mesylate (HY-122070). Tirilazad mesylate is a nonglucocorticoid, 21-aminosteroid that inhibits lipid peroxidation. Tirilazad mesylate can attenuate brain or spinalcord injury caused by trauma, stroke, ischemia and reperfusion injury. Tirilazad mesylate has antiviral activities against nCoV. Tirilazad mesylate is neuroprotective for ischaemic stroke, can be used for subarachnoid hemorrhage research .
Chlorzoxazone-d3 is the deuterium labeled Chlorzoxazone. Chlorzoxazone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used to treat muscle spasm and the resulting pain or discomfort. It acts on the spinalcord by depressing reflexes.Chlorzoxazone is currently being used as a marker substrate in vitro/vivo studies to quantify cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity in humans.
Chroman 1 is a highly potent and selective ROCK inhibitor. Chroman 1 is more potent against ROCK2 (IC50=1 pM) than ROCK1 (IC50=52 pM). Chroman 1 also has inhibitory activity against MRCK, with an IC50 of 150 nM .
Chroman 1 dihydrochloride is a highly potent and selective ROCK inhibitor. Chroman 1 dihydrochloride is more potent against ROCK2 (IC50=1 pM) than ROCK1 (IC50=52 pM).
Chroman 1 dihydrochloride also has inhibitory activity against MRCK, with an IC50 of 150 nM .
TTBK1-IN-2 (compound 29) is a potent Tau-Tubulin kinase (TTBK1) inhibitor with IC50s of 0.24 and 4.22 µM, respectively. TTBK1-IN-2 reveals good brain penetration in vivo and is able to reduce TDP-43 phosphorylation not only in cell cultures but also in the spinalcord of transgenic TDP-43 mice .
Hydralazine hydrochloride is an antihypertensive agent. Hydralazine hydrochloride can inhibit mitochondrial fission and human peritoneal mesothelial cell proliferation. Hydralazine hydrochloride has immunomodulation and anti-migratory effect. Hydralazine hydrochloride activates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and causes DNA damage .
A2764 dihydrochloride is a highly selective inhibitor of TRESK (TWIK-related spinalcord K + channel, K2P18.1), which has moderate inhibitory effects on TREK-1 and TALK-1. A2764 dihydrochloride is more sensitive to the activated mTRESK channels (IC50=6.8 μM) than the basal current. A2764 dihydrochloride can lead to cell depolarization and increased excitability in native cells, it has the potential for probing the role of TRESK channel in migraine and nociception .
Leteprinim potassium (AIT-082), a purine analog, is a neuroprotective agent and cognitive enhancer. Leteprinim potassium is a hypoxanthine derivative neurotrophic agent. Leteprinim potassium can induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA production following spinalcord lesions, and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA production in basal forebrain. Leteprinim potassium reduces glutamate toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Leteprinim potassium increases heme-oxygenase 1 and 2 mRNA levels that play role in cellular defense against reactive oxygen species .
Leteprinim (AIT-082 free acid), a purine analog, is a neuroprotective agent and cognitive enhancer. Leteprinim is a hypoxanthine derivative neurotrophic agent. Leteprinim can induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA production following spinalcord lesions, and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA production in basal forebrain. Leteprinim reduces glutamate toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Leteprinim increases heme-oxygenase 1 and 2 mRNA levels that play role in cellular defense against reactive oxygen species .
Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica (Centella asiatica), has anticancer activity. Asiatic acid induces apoptosis in melanoma cells and has barrier protective effects on human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Asiatic acid also has anti-inflammatory activity and inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Asiatic acid also inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-κB pathway, effectively inhibits inflammation in rats, and has neuroprotective effects in rat spinalcord injury (SCI) model .
TAT-NEP1-40 acetate is a therapeutic candidate for axonal regeneration and functional recovery after stroke. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can protect PC12 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and promote neurite outgrowth. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate protects the brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibition of neuronal apoptosis. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can be efficiently delivered into the rat brains .
Nociceptin (1-7) is the N-terminal bioactive fragment of nociceptin (HY-P0183). Nociceptin (1-7) is a potent ORL1 (NOP) receptor agonist with antinociceptive activity. Nociceptin (1-7) combines with nociceptin reduces hyperalgesia in vivo .
Nociceptin (1-7) TFA is the N-terminal bioactive fragment of nociceptin (HY-P0183). Nociceptin (1-7) TFA is a potent ORL1 (NOP) receptor agonist with antinociceptive activity. Nociceptin (1-7) TFA combines with nociceptin reduces hyperalgesia in vivo .
Z-LEHD-FMK is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of caspase-9, protects against lethal reperfusion injury and attenuates apoptosis. Z-LEHD-FMK exhibits the neuroprotective effect in a rat model of spinalcord trauma .
Neuromedin B-30 is the neuropeptide, which is orignally isolated from porcine brain and spinalcord, and may exhibit activity in stimulating smooth-muscle .
PTPσ Inhibitor, ISP can bind to recombinant human PTPs and inhibits PTPσ signaling. PTPσ Inhibitor, ISP can penetrate the membrane and relieves the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG)-mediated axonal sprouting inhibition in spinalcord injury model. PTPσ Inhibitor, ISP enhances remyelination in LPC-induced demyelinated spinalcord. PTPσ Inhibitor, ISP also promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) migration, maturation, remyelination, and functional recovery in animal models of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) .
Z-LEHD-FMK TFA is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of caspase-9, protects against lethal reperfusion injury and attenuates apoptosis. Z-LEHD-FMK TFA exhibits the neuroprotective effect in a rat model of spinalcord trauma .
Peptide5 TFA, a connexin 43 mimetic peptide, reduces animals swelling, astrogliosis, and neuronal cell death after spinalcord injury. Peptide5 TFA also inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome, and is an anti-inflammatory agent .
Neuromedin C porcine (GRP, 18-27, porcine) is a bombesin-like neuropeptide that can be obtained from porcine spinalcord. Neuromedin C porcine exhibits a potent contractile activity on rat uterus in the characteristic manner of bombesin. Neuromedin C porcine has research potential for neurological-related diseases .
C3bot(154-182) is a C3 peptide enhances recovery from spinalcord injury by improving regenerative growth of descending fiber tracts. C3bot(154-182) represents a promising tool to foster axonal protection and/or repair, as well as functional recovery after traumatic CNS injury .
C3bot(154-182) TFA is a C3 peptide enhances recovery from spinalcord injury by improving regenerative growth of descending fiber tracts. C3bot(154-182) TFA represents a promising tool to foster axonal protection and/or repair, as well as functional recovery after traumatic CNS injury .
TAT-NEP1-40 acetate is a therapeutic candidate for axonal regeneration and functional recovery after stroke. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can protect PC12 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and promote neurite outgrowth. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate protects the brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibition of neuronal apoptosis. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can be efficiently delivered into the rat brains .
Nociceptin (1-7) is the N-terminal bioactive fragment of nociceptin (HY-P0183). Nociceptin (1-7) is a potent ORL1 (NOP) receptor agonist with antinociceptive activity. Nociceptin (1-7) combines with nociceptin reduces hyperalgesia in vivo .
Nociceptin (1-7) TFA is the N-terminal bioactive fragment of nociceptin (HY-P0183). Nociceptin (1-7) TFA is a potent ORL1 (NOP) receptor agonist with antinociceptive activity. Nociceptin (1-7) TFA combines with nociceptin reduces hyperalgesia in vivo .
Unasnemab (MT-3921) is a humanised IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds to repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa). Unasnemab improves locomotor function and promotes neuroregeneration and can be used for the research of spinalcord injury .
Rehmannioside A is a neuroprotective agent that can be isolated from Rehmanniae radix. Rehmannioside A can inhibit the release of proinflammatory mediators from microglia and promote M2 polarization in vitro, thereby protecting co-cultured neurons from apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Rehmannioside A can be used in spinalcord injury research .
Paederosidic acid methyl ester is a ATP‐sensitive K + channel activator, isolated from P. scandens. Paederosidic acid methyl ester exhibits significant central analgesic activity, and enhances the threshold of pain by activating ATP‐sensitive K + channel in the brain and spinalcord level .
Agathisflavone is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiparasitic, cytotoxic, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. Agathisflavone can improve tissue repair in a spinalcord injury model in rats .
Diosgenin glucoside, a saponin compound extracted from Trillium tschonoskii, provides neuroprotection by regulating microglial M1 polarization. Diosgenin glucoside protects against spinalcord injury by regulating autophagy and alleviating apoptosis .
Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica (Centella asiatica), has anticancer activity. Asiatic acid induces apoptosis in melanoma cells and has barrier protective effects on human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Asiatic acid also has anti-inflammatory activity and inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Asiatic acid also inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-κB pathway, effectively inhibits inflammation in rats, and has neuroprotective effects in rat spinalcord injury (SCI) model .
PDGF-DD protein is an important growth factor that controls embryonic development, cell proliferation, migration, survival and chemotaxis, and has a potent mitogenic effect on mesenchymal cells. It plays a key role in wound healing and has carcinogenic potential, contributing to tumor formation. PDGF-DD Protein, Mouse (His-SUMO) is the recombinant mouse-derived PDGF-DD protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag. The total length of PDGF-DD Protein, Mouse (His-SUMO) is 347 a.a., with molecular weight of ~66 kDa.
Chlorzoxazone-d3 is the deuterium labeled Chlorzoxazone. Chlorzoxazone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used to treat muscle spasm and the resulting pain or discomfort. It acts on the spinalcord by depressing reflexes.Chlorzoxazone is currently being used as a marker substrate in vitro/vivo studies to quantify cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity in humans.
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